TAHLESEE, Fla. — The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) is issuing urgent warnings regarding the presence of cane toads across the state, highlighting a significant health risk for domestic animals. These large, poisonous amphibians secrete a potent milky-white toxin known as bufotoxin from glands behind their eyes when threatened. According to the FWC, this secretion serves as a defense mechanism against predators and poses a lethal threat to most animals that attempt to bite or consume them.
Identification and Habitat
Cane toads, also referred to as bufo, giant, or marine toads, are typically reddish-brown to grayish-brown with light-yellow or beige bellies. They range in size from 6 to 9 inches in length. The FWC notes that while they can be confused with native southern toads, the invasive species lack well-defined cranial crests above their eyes and are significantly larger than adult southern toads, which average only three to four inches long. These amphibians typically breed following heavy rain events, a pattern documented by the University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.
Toxicity and Ecological Impact
The danger extends beyond direct contact with adult frogs. The FWC reports that cane toad eggs also contain bufotoxin, which can harm or kill native species that consume them. Beyond the immediate threat to pets, these invasive amphibians potentially compete with native frog and toad populations for food sources and breeding areas. Residents are advised to wash their hands thoroughly if they come into contact with a cane toad, as secretions can irritate skin or burn eyes.
Emergency Response for Pet Owners
The FWC emphasizes that pets who bite a cane toad can sicken and die in as few as 15 minutes. Immediate action is critical if exposure occurs. The agency recommends flushing the animal's mouth with water from a hose for approximately 10 minutes, ensuring water does not flow down their throat. Owners should also wipe gums and tongues with a dish towel to remove residual poison before seeking veterinary care without delay.
Prevention Strategies
To reduce the likelihood of encounters, the FWC suggests keeping grass short and filling holes around structures. Residents are encouraged to clear branches, brush piles, and clutter while trimming shrubs. Feeding pets indoors and removing outdoor food bowls at night can further deter these invasive amphibians from entering residential properties.
